The circuit court is the trial court with the broadest powers in Michigan. In general, the circuit court handles all civil cases with claims of more than $25,000 and all felony criminal cases (cases where the accused, if found guilty, could be sent to prison). The family division of circuit court handles all cases regarding divorce, parternity, adoptions, personal protection actions, emancipation of minors, treatment and testing of infectious disease, safe delivery of newborns, name changes, juvenile offenses and delinquency, juvenile guardianship, and child abuse and neglect. In addition, the circuit court hears cases appealed from the other trial courts or from administrative agencies. The friend of the court office is part of the family division of the circuit court and handles domestic relations cases where minor children are involved.

There are 57 circuit courts in Michigan. Circuit court judges are elected for six-year terms.

Basic Courtroom Etiquette Rules

1. Wear clothing that would be appropriate for business.
2. Arrive on time.
3. Turn off electronic devices and cell phones before entering the courtroom.
4. Be polite to the judge, opposing counsel and court staff.
5. Rise when the judge and jury enter and leave the courtroom.
6. Stand when speaking to the judge, making or meeting an objection or questioning a witness.
7. Do not interrupt others while they are talking.
8. Refer to the judge as “Your Honor.”
9. Direct all concerns and remarks to the bench and not opposing counsel.